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  1. Laser photocoagulation (cautery of retinal blood vessels with a laser) prevents continued loss of vision but does not improve vision.
  2. Steroids work as well as the lasers, but they have more side effects.
  3. Anti-VEGF injections don’t only prevent continued loss of vision, but can actually improve vision. This being said, Anti-VEGF injections are the first line of treatment for patients with diabetic macular edema or neovascularization.